New concepts in breeding barn design

Many existing swine breeding facilities have been designed to control the environment, provide continuous boar-sow contact for stimulating recently weaned sows to cycle, reduce the distance a weaned sow or boar has to be moved for mating, and reduce construction costs by not constructing breeding pens to be used only for mating. Pork producers operating these types of facilities have had problems with efficiency and accuracy of estrous detection, low percentage (70%) of sows bred twice, slick breeding floors, and excessive labor requirements. A breeding facility should be arranged so the work routines, such as estrous detection; moving, mating, and feeding animals; and recording breeding information arc easily, quickly, and safely performed. Remember, tasks that are difficult to do may never be done.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 198

Engineering calculations for communications systems planning

The single entry interference problem is treated for frequency sharing between the broadcasting satellite and intersatellite services near 23 GHz. It is recommended that very long (more than 120 longitude difference) intersatellite hops be relegated to the unshared portion of the band. When this is done, it is found that suitable orbit assignments can be determined easily with the aid of a set of universal curves. An attempt to develop synthesis procedures for optimally assigning frequencies and orbital slots for the broadcasting satellite service in region 2 was initiated. Several discrete programming and continuous optimization techniques are discussed

A look into the future of blockchain technology

In this paper, we use a Delphi approach to investigate whether, and to what extent, blockchain- based applications might affect firms' organizations, innovations, and strategies by 2030, and, consequently, which societal areas may be mainly affected. We provide a deep understanding of how the adoption of this technology could lead to changes in Europe over multiple dimensions, ranging from business to culture and society, policy and regulation, economy, and technology. From the projections that reached a significant consensus and were given a high probability of occurrence by the experts, we derive four scenarios built around two main dimensions: The digitization of assets and the change in business models

Effect of Type of Birth, Breed of Sire and Postweaning Nutrition on Growth of Ewe Lambs. I. Growth Parameters

A research project was initiated in the fall of 1970 to evaluate the effect of breed of sire, level of postweaning nutrition, age at first breeding and type of birth on subsequent reproductive performance of the ewe. Data from the growth phase of lambs produced in this study from 1971 through 1975 are presented in this report

Effect of Type of Birth, Breed of Sire and Postweaning Nutrition on Ewe Lambs. II. Production at 12 Months Age

The practice of breeding ewes to lamb at 12 months of age has not been widely accepted by commercial operators, even though previous research has indicated that it can be done successfully in some management systems. One reason for this might be that long-term effects on lifetime productivity have not been evaluated. This paper summarizes production performance during the first year of a lifetime study currently in progress. Data from 382 Suffolk Targhee and Targhee ewes born in 1971-1975 and developed under two different nutritional levels are included in this report. Subsequent lifetime production for these ewes will be reported when available

Effect of Breed of Sire, Level of Postweaning Nutrition and Type of Birth on Ewe Growth and Lambing Performance at 12, 24 and 36 Months of Age

A research project was designed and initiated in the fall of 1970 to evaluate the effect of breed of sire, level of pre- and postweaning nutrition, age at first breeding and type of birth on subsequent reproductive performance of the eww. The growth of the ewe, wool production and lambing performance data of the ewes at 12, 24, and 36 months of age will be reported in this paper

Alternative mathematical programming formulations for FSS synthesis

A variety of mathematical programming models and two solution strategies are suggested for the problem of allocating orbital positions to (synthesizing) satellites in the Fixed Satellite Service. Mixed integer programming and almost linear programming formulations are presented in detail for each of two objectives: (1) positioning satellites as closely as possible to specified desired locations, and (2) minimizing the total length of the geostationary arc allocated to the satellites whose positions are to be determined. Computational results for mixed integer and almost linear programming models, with the objective of positioning satellites as closely as possible to their desired locations, are reported for three six-administration test problems and a thirteen-administration test problem

The role of service areas in the optimization of FSS orbital and frequency assignments

A relationship is derived, on a single-entry interference basis, for the minimum allowable spacing between two satellites as a function of electrical parameters and service-area geometries. For circular beams, universal curves relate the topocentric satellite spacing angle to the service-area separation angle measured at the satellite. The corresponding geocentric spacing depends only weakly on the mean longitude of the two satellites, and this is true also for alliptical antenna beams. As a consequence, if frequency channels are preassigned, the orbital assignment synthesis of a satellite system can be formulated as a mixed-integer programming (MIP) problem or approximated by a linear programming (LP) problem, with the interference protection requirements enforced by constraints while some linear function is optimized. Possible objective-function choices are discussed and explicit formulations are presented for the choice of the sum of the absolute deviations of the orbital locations from some prescribed ideal location set. A test problem is posed consisting of six service areas, each served by one satellite, all using elliptical antenna beams and the same frequency channels. Numerical results are given for the three ideal location prescriptions for both the MIP and LP formulations. The resulting scenarios also satisfy reasonable aggregate interference protection requirements